The Rule Against Bias
The second limb of natural justice — nemo iudex in causa sua, no one a judge in their own cause. Actual and apparent bias, the Saxmere fair-minded-observer test, the closed and predetermined mind, and the all-too-common manager who accuses, investigates, and judges all at once. What impartiality really demands, and what to do when a decision against you was never going to go any other way.